| EMERGING DISEASES |
| Diagnoses and treatment not keeping up with HIV/TB co-epidemic |
December 2007: Half of newly-diagnosed patients with TB in sub-Saharan Africa are co-infected with HIV. |
| Zika virus outbreak affects 43 people on Yap Island in Micronesia |
December 2007: The recent outbreak is the largest on record for Zika virus infection in humans. |
| Drug-resistant
BlaKPC may be spreading |
November 2007: Typically found in bacteria in the East
Coast, the gene was recently detected in St. Louis. |
| Genetics play major
role in infectious disease susceptibility |
November 2007: Experts give insight into genetic connections
and pathways of major infectious diseases, including tuberculosis and
malaria. |
| HIV resistance
testing may be expensive, but is cost effective in the long run |
November 2007: Testing for both genotype and phenotype
useful for highly treatment-experienced patients. |
| Human-to-human
transmission of avian influenza detected |
October 2007: Two clusters studied for avian influenza
illness; association made for cases in Indonesia but not in Turkey. |
| REP3123 may be
efficacious against C. difficile |
October 2007: Novel antibacterial agent inhibited C.
difficile toxin production and spore formation, suggesting a future
treatment option. |
| WHO outlines need to
control emerging diseases |
October 2007: Global health experts laud urgency and
importance of latest WHO report. |
| Experts monitor H5N1
spread and overlap in wild bird flyways |
September 2007: Preparedness efforts may fall short if H5N1
makes crossover. |
| Preparing for a
disaster takes a team approach |
September 2007: The two groups that may be most affected by
a disaster are children and people with special needs. |
| Population growth
drives infectious disease rate upward |
August 2007: Demand-driven agriculture and livestock
production predicted to increase spread and dangers of zoonotic diseases. |
| Health officials
should be watchful of zoonotic diseases |
July 2007: Experts advise proactive public health monitoring
for zoonotic diseases. |
| West Nile virus infection
can have serious, long-term effects |
July 2007: Neuroinvasive disease can cause poliomyelitis,
cognitive disorders and lingering clinical syndromes. |
| XDR–TB, MDR–TB
emerge as global threats |
July 2007: Clinicians, researchers, health organizations and
industry tout urgent need for infection control, awareness and laboratory
growth. |
| Emerging diseases remain
a global concern |
May 2007: Infectious diseases are responsible for 26% of
mortality worldwide. |
| Influenza B partially
resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors |
May 2007: Widespread use of neuraminidase inhibitors may
have led to the reduced sensitivity of oseltamivir. |
| Avian influenza outbreaks
reported in Asia and Europe |
March 2007: Poultry killed in Russia and England amid H5N1
threat, while newest human case in Egypt stable. |
| Cases of
heterosexual transmission of CA-MRSA recently reported |
March 2007: Clinicians should consider the diagnosis of MRSA
when a patient presents with a vaginal, groin or pubic abscess. |
| CDC releases pandemic
flu preparedness plans |
March 2007: Worse-case scenarios for virus spread were
analyzed; plans drawn from historic outbreaks in the United States. |
| New guidelines for
treating community-acquired pneumonia in adults released |
March 2007: The new consensus guidelines from the IDSA and
the American Thoracic Society are designed to lower mortality rates. |
| IDSA releases new travel
medicine guidelines |
January 2007: Guidelines will be beneficial to infectious
disease specialists who treat travel-related illnesses. |
| Results promising when
zinc used as supplement for diarrhea, pneumonia |
January 2007: Children who received zinc in India had a 16%
reduction in the duration of diarrheal illness. |
| HIV/AIDS & STDS |
| Adolescents with perinatally-acquired HIV need transitional care |
December 2007: Poor virologic profiles, lack of adherence, drug resistance, high risk behavior common in this patient population. |
| HIV subtype B may have come to the United States from Haiti in a single migration |
December 2007: Studying this pivotal time in HIV/AIDS history could lead to further insight into vaccine design and development. |
| STD rates increasing in the United States |
December 2007: The CDC estimates about 19 million STDs occur each year; half of these occur in people aged 15 to 24. |
| HIV linked to increased
risk for ESRD in black patients |
November 2007 |
| Overweight, obesity
rates for patients with HIV similar to U.S. population |
November 2007: Wasting no longer a hallmark of HIV;
researchers recommend obesity prevention measures for patients. |
| HIV vaccine candidate
discontinued |
October 2007: Monitoring board said HIV vaccine V520 would
not meet primary endpoints. |
| Pillbox use may improve
medication adherence in patients with HIV |
October 2007: Pillboxes represent an inexpensive strategy to
help improve patients’ health. |
| Public health
departments use Internet as a new venue to fight STDs, HIV/AIDS |
October 2007: InSPOT.org allows anonymous partner notification of STD
exposure. |
| Exercise may improve
overall quality of life in people with HIV |
September 2007: Medication adherence and cardiovascular
health may also improve with exercise. |
| Novel NNRTI reduced viral
loads in ART-naive men with HIV |
September 2007: UK-453,061 was well-tolerated and was
associated with decreased viral loads at all dosing levels. |
| PRO 140 associated with
potent antiviral activity in patients with HIV |
September 2007: The CCR5 monoclonal antibody could be the
first self-administered antiviral. |
| AIDS experts call
for global increase of HIV prevention efforts |
August 2007: If prevention efforts remain stagnant, experts
estimate there may be 60 million new HIV infections worldwide by 2015. |
| HIV, TB coinfection often
increased in low-income countries |
August 2007: Epidemic overview provides alarming morbidity
and mortality, impact on resource-limited countries with high HIV burdens. |
| Improvement needed in
early HIV diagnosis and linkage to care |
August 2007: New data show improved diagnostic rates in
areas that have focused on increasing testing. |
| Late HIV diagnoses a
problem across the health care system |
July 2007: Better testing practices could increase awareness
and reduce the risk for transmission. |
| Continued physician
care correlates with survival in patients with HIV |
June 2007: Despite adequate access to care, retention
remains a major concern for patients with HIV. |
| Cotrimoxazole may
improve outcomes for children with HIV |
June 2007: Cotrimoxazole is now recommended by WHO as
standard for pediatric patients with HIV. |
| Girls with HIV at
higher risk for cervical abnormalities |
June 2007: Reproductive health services and surveillance are
needed for sexually active girls born with HIV. |
| Many HPV infections may
clear quickly without treatment |
June 2007: Physicians need to counsel patients about how
common HPV actually is. |
| CDC report: Racial
disparity in HIV/AIDS diagnoses remains high |
May 2007: In the United States, blacks are at greater risk
of contracting HIV than other racial or ethnic groups. |
| Endocrine abnormalities and
resistance noted in children with HIV |
May 2007 |
| Breast-feeding
guidelines for HIV-positive mothers evaluated |
April 2007: Experts, data and WHO differ on when to wean for
infant survival regardless of serostatus. |
| Circumcision-for-HIV
prevention trial stopped early due to clear efficacy |
April 2007: Study results led to widespread recommendations
for male circumcision to reduce HIV transmission. |
| Early treatment of
primary HIV infections may lower viral load set point |
April 2007: Another study found that viral load set point
was not affected by early treatment. |
| Testosterone plus
megestrol acetate did not increase lean body mass in people with
HIV |
April 2007: In HIV patients receiving megestrol acetate
treatment, testosterone preserved or improved sexual function. |
| Know the regional
epidemiology of STDs when treating adolescent patients |
March 2007: About 50% of all STD diagnoses occur among
people aged 15 to 24, although they represent only 25% of the sexually active
population. |
| Medication adherence
often low in children with HIV |
March 2007: Caregivers should not allow children to
prematurely assume responsibility for their medication regimen. |
| Two phase-3
microbicide studies stopped early due to safety concerns |
March 2007: New results could be a setback for the
development of a viable microbicide. |
| Episodic ART increases
patient’s risk of death, AIDS and other diseases |
February 2007: The international SMART trial shows that
interrupting ART more than doubles the risk of death and does not limit adverse
events. |
| HIV screening cost
effective regardless of prevalence |
February 2007: Traditional risk factors should no longer be
used to determine which patients should be tested. |
| Patients aged 50 and
older should be tested for HIV |
February 2007: The risk of contracting HIV is often
underestimated in this patient population. |
| Previous gonorrhea
infection increased risk of bladder cancer in men |
February 2007: The association was especially strong for
invasive and advanced bladder cancer. |
| Rural patients living
with HIV fare better with expert caree |
February 2007: Experienced HIV providers are needed to
deliver quality care in rural settings. |
| AIDS epidemic continues to
grow globally |
January 2007: Prevention programs need to be adapted to the
regional changing epidemics. |
| Circumcision reduces
HIV transmission in men in Africa |
January 2007: Clinical study in Kenya demonstrated a 53%
reduction in HIV in circumcised men. |
| Clinton Foundation
announces breakthroughs in pediatric HIV/AIDS treatment |
January 2007: New agreements lower the price of 19 pediatric
antiretroviral formulations by 45% for 62 countries. |
| More than 70 HIV/AIDS
medicines in the pipeline |
January 2007: Hope for the future — 19 vaccines, 35
ARVs and many other medications are in development. |
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