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The following is a list of online articles and charts appearing in Infectious Disease News. Hyperlinks for the online articles and charts are provided below. The charts are
stored in Adobe Acrobat (.PDF) files, and require the Adobe Acrobat Reader
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| 1996 NEWS ARTICLES | |
|---|---|
| Adult pertussis common, but are boosters necessary? | July 1996: Adults are an important reservoir for infection, but data to justify booster doses are lacking. |
| Adult sexual behavior puts adolescents at risk for STDs | February 1996: According to the statistics, the source of infection must be outside the adolescents' peer group; that is, adults. |
| Adults transmit pertussis to household members | March 1996 |
| AIDS organization plans to issue HIV disease treatment guidelines | February 1996 |
| Americas make progress toward measles elimination | March 1996: North and South America have reported record low levels of laboratory-confirmed measles cases. |
| Antibiotics may help relieve some colds, but prescribe cautiously | August 1996: Antibiotics effectively treat the few common colds that are caused by bacteria; culture first to determine the nature of the pathogen. |
| Antiviral CMV compound may be potent against resistant strains of the virus | December 1996: The new compound acts on an intermediate to disrupt viral DNA replication, instead of inhibiting the DNA polymerase enzyme. |
| Assess CD4 levels before administering MMR vaccine | August 1996: An unusual case of measles pneumonitis in a severely immunocompromised man may be related to vaccination. |
| Cat scratch disease bacteria may be transmitted to cats by fleas | September 1996: While a cat scratch may be the most common vehicle for transmitting CSD to people, the common cat flea is probably the vector for cats. |
| CDC changes polio policy amid controversy | October 1996: Experts debate whether the change is a logical step or a halfway policy. |
| Children with Escherichia coli O157:H7 should be monitored for signs of HUS | December 1996: Physicians must be aware of the new vehicles for E. coli O157:H7 to make the correct diagnosis. |
| Chlamydia may play a role in atherosclerosis | July 1996: Chlamydia infection may explain occurrence of atherosclerosis in people without known risk factors for the disease. |
| Chlamydia screening may reduce risk of pelvic inflammatory disease | July 1996: Recent debut of a test for Chlamydia trachomatis may encourage routine screening. |
| CMV infection linked to heart disease | October 1996: The possibility that infections might be a contributing factor in heart disease has long been speculated. Two studies have given added weight to those suspicions. |
| Community-acquired S. aureus bacteremias appear to be increasing | September 1996: Intravascular devices such as catheters are partly to blame, according to investigators. |
| Company seeks approval for protease inhibitor | February 1996: Ritonavir alone has an antiviral effect similar to that of combined therapy with zidovudine and lamivudine. |
| Computer simulation helps physicians prioritize AIDS treatment strategies | November 1996: A new model traces the course of AIDS, projecting costs, life expectancy and cost-effectiveness for different opportunistic infection prophylaxes. |
| Contaminated grafts cause meningitis in recipients | October 1996: Three children developed Ochrobactrum anthropi meningitis from contaminated grafts. |
| Cost of protease inhibitors may guide their use | June 1996: A protease inhibitor can double or triple the cost of anti-HIV therapy. |
| d4T-ZDV combination found to lower CD4 counts | December 1996: NIAID ends study early; warns physicians to closely monitor CD4 counts if using this combination. |
| Different parasites may cause identical diarrheal illnesses | January 1996: Which drug to use for treatment, if any, depends on the parasite causing the diarrhea. |
| Diseases vanquished by vaccines may catch physicians off guard | September 1996: Infectious Disease News takes a look at these disappearing diseases in this special report. |
| Dual protease inhibitor regimen shows promise as anti-HIV infection tactic | August 1996: Early data show that saquinavir plus ritonavir knocks HIV plasma levels below the level of detection and is well tolerated by patients. |
| Eradicating S. aureus from nose benefits renal dialysis patients | October 1996: Regardless of the prevention strategy, eradicating S. aureus from the nose reduces infection rates and treatment costs. |
| Everything that's old is new again; unique pharmacologic class 'discovered' | September 1996: Controlled trials are lacking, but one study suggests that peptide nucleic acids may effectively battle a multitude of viruses. |
| FDA approves drug to prevent RSV disease in some children | February 1996 |
| FDA approves first home HIV test | June 1996: At about the same time, a group of leading AIDS specialists issued guidelines for using the test. |
| FDA approves HIV viral load test | July 1996: Chlamydia infection may explain occurrence of atherosclerosis in people without known risk factors for the disease. |
| FDA approves second hepatitis A vaccine | April 1996: Vaqta is the second vaccine approved in the U.S. for prevention of hepatitis A infection. |
| FDA clears new ulcer therapy and test for ulcer diagnosis | September 1996: Successful treatment of H. pylori infection has been demonstrated using antibiotics in combination with antisecretory drugs and bismuth compounds. |
| FDA committee finds rabies vaccine safe and effective | March 1996: The purified chick embryo cell vaccine is associated with fewer hypersensitivity reactions than available rabies vaccines. |
| FDA panel approves first of a new class of anti-HIV compounds | July 1996: A potent agent, nevirapine, used in combination with nucleoside analogues can reduce HIV to undetectable levels in many patients. |
| FDA panel: ddI should be first-line therapy for HIV | April 1996: In a study in children, ddI was better than ZDV in delaying disease progression. |
| Four people contract rare invasive infection after preparing fish | September 1996: Three people became sick after they prepared fresh, whole, farm-raised tilapia, a fish originally from Africa and Israel. |
| Hepatitis C may be transmitted during surgery | April 1996: An infected cardiac surgeon transmitted the virus to five patients during open heart surgery. |
| HIV brings multitude of orthopedic problems | December 1996: In Zambia, asymptomatic patients have twice the risk of secondary infection; symptomatic patients have three times the risk of non-infected patients. |
| HIV load superior to CD4 count for predicting progression to AIDS | March 1996: Plasma HIV RNA measurements can improve patient therapy and accelerate approvals of new anti-HIV drugs. |
| HIV vaccine research moving slowly but surely | June 1996: Vaccine candidates, most in early trials, continue to test the limits of technology. |
| Human version of mad cow disease has not been found in United States | September 1996: A search for a variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease followed an announcement in the United Kingdom that humans contracted a similar illness from cattle. |
| Immune system compromised by excessive exercise and low-fat diet | October 1996: Low-fat diets, which many competitive athletes follow, may weaken the immune system, while increasing dietary fat to moderate levels may improve it. |
| Improving risk communication an ongoing goal of federal agencies | November 1996: The CDC considered its failure to properly notify parents about an experimental vaccine a minor oversight; the public considered it a breach of trust. |
| Infectious diseases continue to be dangerous global health crisis | June 1996: Of the 52 million deaths during 1995, one-third were caused by infectious diseases. |
| Influenza vaccine and recurrent uveitis: Association or random event? | November 1996: Although an interesting case report, no clear association has been established between flu vaccine and uveitis. |
| Influenza vaccine safe during peak asthmatic period | October 1996: Exacerbations of asthma often result in missed opportunities to be vaccinated. |
| Interleukin-2 infusions increase CD4 counts | December 1996: Intermittent interleukin-2 infusions raised the CD4 counts significantly for more than a year in people with HIV infection. |
| Just when you thought it was safe to enter the water, it might not be | May 1996: Although most encounters with marine creatures are relatively innocuous, some may be fatal. A marine dermatologist tells us how to be prepared. |
| Keeping patients warm during surgery may prevent wound infection | July 1996: Study finds that patients kept at normal body temperature during surgery were 68% less likely to have surgical wound infections than control patients. |
| Links found between air pollutants and invasive pneumococcal disease | March 1996: Sulfur dioxide and ozone levels and ragweed pollen counts correlated with the prevalence of invasive pneumococcal disease. |
| 'Mad cow' disease may be linked to fatal human disease | April 1996: Officials want to assure consumers that British beef will not transmit human equivalent of disease. |
| Major outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 reported in Japan | August 1996 |
| Maternal-infant HIV transmission drops sharply in wake of 076 findings | March 1996: Two studies show a big increase in the number of pregnant women with HIV who are treated with zidovudine. |
| Maternal smoking causes fourfold increase in meningococcal risk | May 1996: Having no primary care physician, crowding and low maternal education are among other independent risk factors reported for children. |
| Measles vaccine study damages perception of federal research projects | November 1996: An inaccurate informed consent form may have lasting repercussions on the public's trust of government research. |
| Meningococcal disease control guidelines released by Academy | May 1996: The statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics defines when immunizations and chemoprophylaxis should be given. |
| Mild flu may predispose patients in nursing homes to pneumonia | December 1996: Why don't more doctors give influenza and pneumococcal vaccines to prevent outbreaks? |
| Mutant gene may protect people from HIV infection | September 1996: If the protein molecule on the surface of immune cells could be inactivated, HIV-1 may not enter those cells. |
| New rapid detection test will help determine V. cholerae O1 in the field | November 1996: The two-step procedure is simple, and test results can be obtained in less than five minutes. |
| Number of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome cases edges upward | May 1996: Investigators identify recent cases in Washington and North Dakota, plus a cluster of two cases in South Dakota. |
| Number of syphilis cases surges in Baltimore | April 1996: Increases have occurred predominately among blacks; investigators implicate crack cocaine use. |
| NVAC explores controversial vaccine procurement plan | March 1996: The CDC's vaccine purchasing system is quickly becoming outdated as overlapping combinations enter the market. |
| 'Off-switch' may make live-attenuated HIV vaccines safer | October 1996: By making the vaccine susceptible to ganciclovir, it can be eliminated from the body, preventing virus mutation. |
| Older caregivers show poorer response to flu vaccine | May 1996: Chronic stress reduces a person's ability to respond to vaccination; the difference increases with age. |
| Outbreaks kill thousands of people in Nigeria | May 1996: While 20 African countries battle meningitis, Nigeria also faces cholera and measles; Nigeria reported more than 30,000 cases from January to March. |
| Panels recommend FDA approval of two anti-H pylori ulcer therapies | January 1996: Both therapies, which incorporate clarithromycin, promise to reduce the rate of recurrence of duodenal ulcers substantially. |
| Physician liability increases under managed care | November 1996: Public suspicion and scrutiny of managed care organizations have resulted in an increase in malpractice litigation. |
| Possible new reservoir for Lyme disease discovered | August 1996: For shrews to increase the risk of Lyme disease, vector ticks must feed on them; little research has been done on the interaction of the two species. |
| Potent anti-HIV therapies may benefit people recently infected with HIV | August 1996: Six people took intensive drug combinations within six months of becoming infected; HIV became undetectable in plasma. |
| Prenatal viral infection may be linked to diabetes mellitus type I | July 1996: More children with diabetes are born in the spring, suggesting that a maternal infection may play a role. |
| Progress reported in preventing and treating AIDS-related CMV disease | August 1996: Investigators find that the amount of CMV in patients' plasma correlates with risk of CMV disease. |
| Protease inhibitors deliver unprecedented blow to HIV | March 1996: They can knock circulating HIV levels down to undetectable levels. The effect is enhanced when the agents are used along with nucleoside analogues. |
| Quality of life important aspect of treatment | April 1996: Effectiveness and side-effect profiles of the various medications are only part of the picture. |
| Recent advances improve management of opportunistic infections | December 1996: Advances in the treatment of infections that occur frequently in AIDS patients give reason for hope. |
| Recent studies focus on treating the common cold | December 1996: These alternative treatments appear to reduce symptoms experienced by patients with colds. |
| Reducing bacterial contamination through vaccination on the farm | August 1996: The vaccination resulted in a 16% to 93% reduction in the numbers of bacteria carried by broiler chickens. |
| Researchers compare drug regimens that may prevent and treat MAC | August 1996: Some drug combinations clear Mycobacterium aviumcomplex infection faster than others, and are associated with better survival rates. |
| Researchers cultivate HGE bacterium for the first time | March 1996: Growing the pathogen is a first step toward developing accurate methods to diagnose human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. |
| Researchers find a better TB model for research | June 1996: The demand for better TB drugs, diagnostics and preventative measures has underscored the need for better models in which to test them. |
| Saquinavir's place in AIDS arsenal is yet to be seen | January 1996: The drug is approved for use in combination with nucleoside analogues. How physicians will use it is uncertain. |
| Scientists identify gene suspected of transmitting bubonic plague | October 1996: Three genes in Yersinia pestis change it from a harmless, long-term inhabitant of the flea to one that can be transmitted to humans. |
| Significant anatomic site of active HIV replication reported | May 1996: Researchers find evidence of virus replication in mucous membranes associated with adenoids. |
| Signs indicate flu may be more severe | October 1996: The 1996-97 influenza vaccine has been modified to combat a complicated and deadly group of viruses. |
| Slowing the spread of HIV among teens requires awareness, education | January 1996: HIV in teens is not limited to underprivileged, inner-city populations. |
| Some cases of Crohn's disease appear to respond to antibiotic treatment | July 1996: Evidence suggests that a mycobacterium has a role in the illness; investigators have tested clarithromycin alone and in combination with rifabutin |
| 'Stealth' bacteria spread antibiotic resistance | June 1996: Multidrug-resistant streptococci switch their coat to evade immune system's attack. |
| Study links Bell's palsy and HSV-1 | May 1996 |
| Surgeon transmits hepatitis B during surgery | April 1996: The cases were directly linked to the surgeon, but exactly how transmission occurred is uncertain. |
| Third protease inhibitor generates optimism among AIDS community | April 1996: Studies suggest that combining protease inhibitors with reverse transcriptase inhibitors is the most potent way to suppress HIV for prolonged periods. |
| Treating bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy may reduce risk for preterm delivery, study shows | February 1996: Women with bacterial vaginosis who received antibiotic therapy had a 36.7% lower incidence of premature birth than women who received placebo. |
| Tuberculosis accelerates course of AIDS | November 1996: Tuberculosis prophylaxis increases life expectancy in HIV-infected patients, and helps control AIDS in areas where protease inhibitors are unavailable. |
| Unusual echovirus linked to meningitis in 22 children | November 1996: The virus, which caused aseptic meningitis in 22 children, cannot be detected by usual PCR methods. |
| Urine HIV test receives FDA approval | September 1996: Other options include an in-office oral test and two home blood kits. |
| USDA beefs up meat inspection standards | August 1996: In an attempt to reduce contamination, all meat and poultry products must now be tested for E. coli and Salmonella. |
| Viral enterotoxin induces rotavirus-like diarrhea | June 1996: Two intestinal receptors may be required for symptomatic rotavirus infection. |
| ZDV taken only during pregnancy reduces maternal-infant HIV transmission by 73% | July 1996: The rate of transmission declined from 20.3% between 1985 and 1990 to 5.5% between 1990 and 1993, before the 076 study findings were announced. |
Editorials |
|
| Nosocomial transmission: Some disquieting events | May 1996: Two important nosocomial outbreaks of
hepatitis B and C, each spread from an infected surgeon, raise significant
concern. by Theodore C. Eickhoff, MD, Chief Medical Editor |
| Premature birth: An infectious disease? | February 1996: by Theodore C. Eickhoff, MD, Chief Medical Editor |
Departments |
|
| Ask the Experts | June 1996:Spiroplasma may cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: An interview with a leading expert in infectious diseases |
| Pharmacology Consult | February
1996:Pharmacotherapy of Helicobacter pylori Part 1:
Antimicrobial agents by Joseph Saseen, PharmD |
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