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The following is a list of online articles and charts appearing in Infectious Disease News. Hyperlinks for the online articles and charts are provided below. The charts are
stored in Adobe Acrobat (.PDF) files, and require the Adobe Acrobat Reader
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| 1999 NEWS ARTICLES | |
|---|---|
| 1,061 suspected E. coli cases in N.Y. outbreak | October 1999: The outbreak is associated with contaminated well water at a local fair and is one of the largest E. coli outbreaks ever recorded in the United States. |
| 73 cases of E. coli O157:H7 reported in Nebraska; seven cases in Maine | May 1999: No deaths have occured as a result of either outbreak. One patient developed hemolytic uremic syndrome. |
| Acanthamoeba keratitis often misdiagnosed as herpes simplex virus | February 1999: Early diagnosis is possible by means of corneal biopsy, and a triple therapy is beneficial in treating the condition, according to one case report. |
| Acinetobacter controllable with handwashing, patient separation | March 1999: Acinetobacter is primarily a threat to patients whoare on respiratory ventilators in intensive care units. |
| ACIP recommends use of IPV for all four doses | July 1999: The change will take effect on Jan. 1, 2000. All children will need to receive four doses of IPV at 2, 4, 6-18 months and 4-6 years of age. |
| AIDS in adolescents: Similar to looking for a needle in a haystack | July 1999: One-half of new U.S. HIV cases are in people younger than 25; yet, they are likely to be asymptomatic for most of the first 10 years. |
| AIDS mortality rates continue to decline, but at a slower rate | September 1999: Also, blacks are experiencing less dramatic declines in AIDS deaths than whites. |
| Amoxicillin remains first treatment for AOM; higher doses may be needed | February 1999: Amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime axetil and IM ceftriaxone are useful alternatives for treatment failures. |
| Amprenavir: A new protease inhibitor | September 1999: Amprenavir was approved by the FDA in April 1999 as combination therapy with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV. |
| Amprenavir showing lower frequency of resistance compared to other PIs | October 1999: The effects of combining the drug with abacavir sulfate were also examined. |
| Antimicrobial therapy for S. aureus: a two- to four-week regimen | March 1999: Amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefuroxime axetil and IM ceftriaxone are useful alternatives for treatment failures. |
| Antiviral regimen cost-effective reduction of HIV vertical transmission | December 1999: This simple regimen could decrease mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission in developing countries. |
| Are formularies, therapeutic substitutions providing the best care? | December 1999: Pharmacy benefits managers maintain they make better health care cheaper, but not everyone agrees. |
| Atlantic Study indicates all three anti-HIV combos proving effective | November 1999: After 48 weeks, all combinations work, but for sustained clinical benefit researchers say treatment needs to be continued for life. |
| Biggest emerging threat may come from humans | November 1999: No matter how hard we work to eradicate infectious diseases, bioterrorist groups are trying to outfox us. |
| Bioterrorist attack: What would happen? | November 1999 |
| Burkholderia cepacia infection can be difficult to manage | April 1999: B. cepacia is the leading gram-negative pathogen in patients with chronic gramulomatous disease. |
| CDC issues national report on STDs: 15 million are infected each year | January 1999: Syphilis and gonorrhea have reached all-time lows; chlamydia continues to be a problem. |
| CDC urges caution to reduce workplace needlestick injuries | December 1999 |
| Clinton decides remaining smallpox stocks should not be destroyed | May 1999: The decision was made after an IOM survey showed the medical benefits of maintaining the supply. |
| Combination therapy should be given to children with HIV infection | June 1999: Recent advances in HIV infection therapy in infants and children show that a combination regimen with adjunctive immunization may be the best course of action. |
| Consensus guidelines for palivizumab in the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus | June 1999: Pharmacology Consult by Samuel L. Ellis, PharmD, BCPS |
| Conservative treatment needed for prosthetic staphylococcal infection | April 1999: Identifying patients that may benefit from different therapeutic strategies is a challenge for practitioners. |
| C. parvum is highly infectious and unpredictable | November 1999: An outbreak of Cryptosporidium parvum which affected over 400,000 people in Milwaukee confirmed this idea. |
| Data show that efavirenz effective in combination therapy for HIV | April 1999: Efavirenz combinations suppressed HIV in the central nervous system and female genital tract. |
| Despite DOTS, tuberculosis remains the world's deadliest infection | April 1999: Nearly 1 billion people worldwide will be infected with tuberculosis by the year 2020. |
| Despite gains in treatment, number of HIV infections continues to rise | December 1999: This year, more than 5 million people became infected with HIV, and 2.6 million people died as a result. |
| Drug mix-ups easy to do with similar brand and generic names | December 1999: Hastily scrawled orders and similar brand names can lead to dangerous mix-ups in drug orders. |
| Drug regimen may prevent vertical transmission of HIV | August 1999: One dose of nevirapine to both the mother and infant reduced transmission rate by half. |
| Drugs becoming available to treat resistant gram-positive infections | September 1999: The investigative drugs range from completely new compounds to improvements on known drugs. |
| Epidemic risk remains low after Turkey earthquake | September 1999: Although earthquake victims are presenting with diarrhea and upper respiratory infections, officials say that proper postdisaster measures have been implemented. |
| Evidence not in support of suspending hepatitis B immunization in France | January 1999: The World Health Organization said the scientific evidence did not support this decision. |
| Experimental staph vaccine broadly protective in animals | July 1999: Each year, an estimated 500,000 patients in U.S. hospitals contract staphylococcal infections. |
| FDA advisory panel recommends approval for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine | November 1999: The ACIP recommended routine use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. |
| FDA advisory panel recommends moxifloxacin for approval | November 1999: The new quinolone is effective for a variety of respiratory tract infections, but panel members were concerned about QT prolongation. |
| FDA approves abacavir to use in HIV/AIDS combination therapy | January 1999 |
| FDA approves new protease inhibitor for combination therapy | May 1999: Amprenavir has been indicated for use in a combination therapy for adults and children. |
| FDA approves zanamivir for patients 12 and older | August 1999: Zanamivir is the first drug approved for influenza since rimantadine in 1993. |
| FDA issues final guidance for direct-to-consumer ads | September 1999 |
| FDA issues liver toxicity warning about Trovan; company to limit use | July 1999: Fourteen patients died from acute liver failure; use of drug has been severely restricted. |
| FDA proposes safe handling instructions for eggs | July 1999: The president's Council on Food Safety also plans to develop a strategic plan to further improve the safety of shell eggs and processed egg products. |
| FDA panel recommends against approval for influenza drug | March 1999: Safety was not the concern. Panel members raised issue over the drug's efficacy. |
| FDA revises guidelines for antibiotic use in livestock | April 1999: More prudent use may help restore the effectiveness of Alexander Fleming's miracle drug. |
| Food safety systems improving the tracking of microorganisms | April 1999: FoodNet and PulseNet have been successful in helping public health officials recognize outbreaks of food poisoning and respond quickly. |
| GART helps choose therapy for some HIV patients | May 1999: Determining which antiretroviral drugs are resistant may help develop a more beneficial therapy for patients who fail a protease inhibitor-containing, triple-drug regimen. |
| Gemifloxacin demonstrates activity against resistant bacteria | December 1999: In vitro data indicate gemifloxacin is 64 times more potent against S. pneumoniae than other quinolones. |
| HAART is having an impact on HIV-related opportunistic infections | November 1999: Research suggests that the constellation and frequency of opportunistic infections is changing since the introduction of HAART. |
| Health care workers do not always wash their hands properly | June 1999: Pathogens from the hands of health care workers play a role in nonsocomial disease transmission. |
| Hepatits A vaccination recommended for children living in high-risk areas | March 1999: The ACIP now recommedns vaccination for children in states with twice the national rate of hepatitis A. |
| High HIV RNA levels major risk factor for mother-to-child HIV transmission | August 1999: Women with higher viral loads were most likely to bear a child who was infected with HIV. |
| Horseshoe crab decline could result in tainted medical products | August 1999: Their blood provides the key ingredient for the limilus amebocyte lysate, a nationally mandated endotoxin test. |
| Human effects of Pfiesteria remain a mystery | June 1999: Parents should be aware of the environment if their children play in streams and rivers. |
| Hyperglycemia associated with protease inhibitors | July 1999: While a crucial component of the antiretroviral regimen, these agents are not devoid of side effects. |
| IDSA manpower survey indicates where profession may be heading | January 1999: One out of every four members of the Infectious Diseases Society of America has made a career change in the past five years. |
| IGIV shortage still affecting immunodeficient patients | April 1999: Physicians should monitor their use of immune globulin intravenous to help alleviate the shortage. |
| Immediate prophylaxis key to occupational exposure to HIV | August 1999: Although occupational exposure has a low infection rate, prophylaxis should take place within hours, not days. |
| Infection control procedures prevent spread of TB | June 1999: The first step in implementing a TB-control program is to conduct a risk assessment of the facility. |
| Infection from Marburg virus caused three deaths | June 1999: Investigations are underway to determine the etiology of an estimated 72 cases of viral hemorrhagic fever. |
| Internet information: tips on how to tell what is good, what is bad | December 1999: This information will enable patients to decipher accurate from false information. |
| Invasive group A strep in Chicago results in 11 deaths, 49 cases | March 1999: An increase of cases occurred last year at the same time in the same geographical region. |
| IOM Report: Medical errors a `system wide' problem | December 1999: Managed care escapes harsh criticism, but new practice requirements for medical professionals could be coming. |
| Judge rules FDA cannot impede literature about off-label uses | September 1999: Companies can freely distribute peer-reviewed articles that discuss off-label uses. |
| Kosovo public health systems need to be rebuilt | September 1999: The reported rates of watery diarrhea decreased with improved water sanitation measures. |
| Lack of adult immunization is a public health emergency | October 1999 |
| Largest outbreak of measles reported in the United States since 1996 by CDC | February 1999: Thirty-three cases were reported in Alaska. The strain was apparently imported from Japan. |
| Learning from recent decisions made about thimerosal in vaccines | October 1999: The introduction of single-dose vials without preservatives, and the use of an alternative preservative for multidose vials could be a global strategy. |
| Listeriosis outbreak responsible for 11 deaths | February 1999: About 72 cases have occurred in 14 states; contaminated hot dogs and deli meats implicated. |
| LYMErix: The newly approved vaccination against Lyme disease | May 1999: Pharmacology Consult by Samuel L. Ellis, PharmD, BCPS |
| Many Americans with HIV are not receiving regular medical care | February 1999: Although there are an estimated 650,000 to 900,000 Americans with HIV, only about 335,000 infected adults see a doctor on a regular basis. |
| Meningococcal disease increasing in dormitory students | July 1999: Overall rates do not appear to be increasing in college students; however, data show an increase in subgroups. |
| Methicillin-resistant S. aureus causes infection in healthy patients | September 1999: Previously, infections were generally seen only in high-risk populations. |
| More than the blues: how doctors are dealing with depression | November 1999: Doctors are often reluctant to identify and seek treatment for their own depression. |
| Nandrolone effective for treating HIV wasting in specific patients | May 1999: About 90% of the patients completed the 12 weeks but only half completed 24 weeks |
| New drug in development for treatment of gram-positive bacteria | January 1999: Linezolid is the first new class of antimicrobials to enter clinical development in more than 30 years. |
| New infectious agent found in Malaysia, Singapore | May 1999: Officials have named the virus "Nipah" after the small Malaysian village where it was first isolated. |
| New Jersey attempting to raise pneumococcal immunization rates | April 1999: Statewide program attempts to increase pneumococcal vaccination rates in adults 65 and older. |
| New study suggests presence of HSV-1 sores lowers risk of cancer | July 1999: The study suggests that cold sores are markers of a healthy system, and that a cold sore is an example of the immune system at work. |
| New topical gel approved by the FDA for AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma | March 1999: Patients have more freedom because the treatment does not require a visit to the doctor's office. |
| Oseltamivir approved by FDA for treatment of influenza A and B | November 1999: Tamiflu is indicated for treatment of uncomplicated acute illness due to influenza in those 18 years and older. |
| Outbreak of pertussis in New York termed as `smoldering disease' | November 1999: Nearly 100 cases have been confirmed and many more are expected. |
| People, animals and plants use 50 million pounds of antibiotics a year | April 1999: "Quorum-sensing" gene may lead to the development of new types of antibiotics. |
| PHS and AAP recommend removal of thimerosal from all vaccines | August 1999: Infants and children who have received thimerosal-containing vaccines do not need to be tested for mercury exposure. |
| Physicians must maintain public trust in vaccines | July 1999: Let's not use outbreaks as a way of reminding ourselves about the importance of vaccination. |
| Pneumococcal vaccine appears to be safe, cost-effective | October 1999: Successfully immunizing people of all ages with the pneumococcal vaccine could be the defining health achievement of the 21st century. |
| Pneumococcus' mode of cell invasion may uncover the secrets of its drug resistance | January 1999: The organism uses a choline-binding mechanism to enter cell vacuoles. However, its mode of resistance still takes place in a `black box' chromosomal engine that researchers seek. |
| Quinupristin/dalfopristin for gram-positive infections | December 1999: Quinupristin/dalfopristin was approved based on meeting the surrogate endpoint of clearing VREF from the bloodstream. |
| Rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis declining in New York | October 1999: Directly observed therapy and improved laboratory procedures ensure patients get the proper drugs and actually complete their course of therapy. |
| Reassuring findings released about infants exposed to zidovudine | February 1999: Children exposed to AZT in utero show no cancers or other adverse events. |
| Regimens containing T-20 may be able to reduce HIV in pretreated patients | October 1999: The most common adverse events reported with a T-20 regimen were mild to moderate in severity. |
| Research reveals possible origin of HIV-1 | February 1999: A subspecies of chimpanzees native to west equatorial Africa has been identified as the original source. |
| Resistance emerging with some HIV therapies | June 1999: Even if a drug combination is effective in inhibiting viral replication, full compliance is important to reduce the risk that drug-resistant isolates will emerge. |
| Resistance growing with overuse of antifungal agents | July 1999: The proportion of nonsocomial fungal infections due to fungal pathogens rose from 6% in 1980 to 10% in 1990. |
| Rubella outbreak reported among meat workers in the Midwest | September: At least 116 cases in three states have been reported among foreign-born meat workers and others. |
| Salmonella outbreak in Pacific Northwest results in 173 cases | August 1999: Unpasteurized orange juice was implicated as the source. Cases continue to be reported. |
| Several people treated for rabies exposure from unpasteurized milk | May 1999: PEP was given to people who drank unpasteurized milk and were exposed to saliva of two rabid cows. |
| Short-course therapy recommended for HIV patients with tuberculosis | January 1999: Two months of rifampin and pyrazinamide recommended by the CDC. |
| Study shows influenza vaccine keeps health care workers on the job | April 1999: Doctors and nurses lose fewer days from work due to influenza if they are vaccinated annually. |
| Synercid approved for treating of VREF cases | October 1999: The FDA granted Synercid accelerated approval for VREF cases when no treatment alternatives exist. |
| TB tests advised for children traveling to high-risk countries | February 1999: Among U.S. children, those who had traveled were 4.7 times more likely to have a positive skin test. |
| The Internet: What's true and what's false? | September 1999: Fictitious "urban legends" are spreading on the Internet; health care officials are waiting to counter the next AIDS e-mail scare. |
| Three cases of babesiosis reported in central New Jersey | August 1999: This is a new endemic area, and the potential for infection is there. |
| Tick-borne illnesses under-recognized in Midwest | August 1999: Researchers hope physicians request testing for tick-borne agents other than Lyme disease. |
| Transesophageal endocardiogram is effective tool for PVE diagnosis | March 1999: Multidrug regimens are indicated for the treatment of prosthetic valve endocarditis. |
| Treating chronic hepatitis B with lamivudine | February 1999: Lamivudine is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults with evidence of viral replication and active liver inflammation. |
| Twice-daily dosing of saquinavir appears effective as three-times daily | February 1999: When comparing the twice-daily schedule with the three-times daily, the more convenient two-dose schedule appears as effective. |
| Two cases of influenza A(H9N2) reported in Hong Kong | May 1999: Influenza A(H9N2) is an avian virus. This is the first report of human infection with the virus. |
| Typhoid cases reported in South Florida | March 1999: The strain of Salmonella typhi was the same in 11 cases tested by pulse-field gel electrophoresis. |
| UNAIDS report indicates increase in worldwide HIV infections | January 1999: For 1998, approximately 16,000 new infections occurred daily, resulting in 5.8 million infections for the year. |
| Uncommon strain of Escherichia coli found in the United States | October 1999: For at least 13 years this bacteria has been seen in Europe, but not reported in the United States. However, researchers said it's been here all along. |
| USDA to allow irradiation of meat to improve food safety | March 1999: Food radiation usues radiant energy to reduce or eliminate potentially dangerous microorganisms on meat and poultry. |
| Use of rotavirus vaccine suspended by PHS | August 1999: Available data suggest a causal association between receipt of rotavirus vaccine and intussusception. |
| Vaccinating according to individual Lyme disease risk most cost-effective | June 1999: Researchers from the CDC report that vaccinating only those at high risk of contracting Lyme disease is more cost-effective than vaccinating everyone. |
| Vaccines play important part in preventing infectious diseases | May 1999: Hard-to-reach groups like adolescents and adults need to be vaccinated. |
| Virginia man tests positive for HIV after transfusion during surgery | August 1999: Officials want to know if the patient was infected through transfused blood, and if other patients are at risk. |
| West Nile-like virus found in 50 NYC residents; causes five deaths | October 1999: The virus, originally thought to be St. Louis encephalitis, has never before been found in the Western Hemisphere. |
| West Nile virus causes summer outbreaks in Northeast | December 1999: The virus might have been here for months, even years, but researchers are just discovering it now. |
| WHO report calls for 'international universalism' in the next millenium | June 1999: In the last WHO World Health Organization Report of the century, the director-general calls on governments to think globally about disease eradication and poverty elimination. |
| Why should physicians consider hepatitis C in their patients? | June 1999: Universal precautions and vaccination against other hepatitis viruses are important for health care workers. |
| Zanamivir may help prevent the spread of influenza in families | October 1999: Zanamivir reduced the risk of acquiring influenza by 79% among those living in the same household. |
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